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Captain Richard Avery Hornsby is an almost forgotten Sunderland military figure from the 18th century. He became famous after taking on a boat full of French pirates almost single-handedly - and winning. ==Adventures on the high seas== It was the height of the War of the Austrian Succession when Richard Avery Hornsby, who lived in Sunderland’s Vine Street, set off for The Hague on his brig, the ''Wrightson and Isabella''. His little ship was laden with malt and barley for the voyage and he had a crew of just five men and two boys. Such was the routine nature of the trip, that the ''Isabella'' was built for speed rather than battle, boasting just four small guns, two swivel cannons and a few blunderbusses. With such poor defences, she must have appeared an easy target to the 75 French pirates on board the ''Marquis of Brancas'', who spotted her off the Dutch coast. But the ''Brancas''’ ten guns, eight swivel cannons and 300 small arms proved no match for the fighting spirit of the British on that fateful day of June 13, 1744. ''“Will you stand by me lads?”'' Hornsby asked his men as the pirates opened fire. ''“Aye, aye, to the last,”'' came their reply. After raising the British flag, Hornsby ordered his crew to return the fire – despite the hail of bullets being shot at them. Twice the enemy tried to board the ''Isabella'', and twice Hornsby stopped them in their tracks as his crew fought alongside him. After an hour of bloody battle, the captain of the ''Brancas'' bawled over to Hornsby to “Strike you English dog.” Hornsby’s only reply was to challenge the Frenchman to come on board – “if he dared.” It was not a dare the captain cared to take up. Instead, he threw 20 of his sailors onto the ''Isabella'', but the blunderbusses of the British crew soon sent them into retreat. When the ships then became entangled, Hornsby and his mate shot several of the pirates as they tried to lash the ships together. Once again the French captain called on Hornsby to strike his flag and surrender, sending yet more men across to the ''Isabella'' when he refused. But Hornsby and his sailors kept up their constant fire and, for a second time, the pirates were forced to leave – hauling their dead behind them on hooks. As battle raged around him, Hornsby noticed the French crowded together around their main mast. Taking his chance, he aimed a blunderbuss at them – but it had mistakenly been double-loaded.''The History of the Town and Port of Sunderland'', an 1830 book by James Burnett, states: “It burst and threw him down, but in an instant he started up, though much bruised.” The shot caused ''“terrible havoc”'' among the French, who fled the ''Isabella'' – leaving their pistols, pole-axes and graplings behind them. But the fierce gun battle between the ships continued for another two hours, each firing into the other while just yards apart. ''“The ''Isabella''’s hull, masts, sails and rigging were shot through and through, and her ensign dismantled,”'' the book states. A shot from the British side eventually caused the ''Brancas'' to sheer off, giving Hornsby a chance to put the tattered flag back up. Then, thinking the French had given up the fight, he led his shattered crew into giving the pirates three rousing cheers. But the pirates were not yet defeated and, as the cheers faded, so the ''Brancas'' returned – firing a volley of shots into the ''Isabella''. Wounded in the temple and ''“bleeding profusely,”'' Hornsby refused to give in and, once again, called his crew to arms. Three tremendous broadside shots were then fired at the ''Isabella'', but the British returned the fire with equal ferocity. Once again the French ship drew alongside the British brig, but this time the pirates refused their captain’s demands to go aboard and face Hornsby – knowing now what his crew was capable of. Eventually admitting defeat, the French captain cut the lashings and started to sail away – only for his ship to blow up just seconds later. The tiny British merchant ship had taken on and sunk a formidable fighting ship. Brancas was now lying at the bottom of the sea. Of the 75 pirate sailors on board, 36 were killed or wounded in battle and all but three drowned when it sank. Hornsby was later awarded a gold medal and chain worth £100 for his bravery by King George II, at a ceremony held at Kensington Palace in September 1744. Each of his men – all from Sunderland – were given a bounty of £5, while 40 shillings was awarded to the boys in his crew. It was thought that Captain Hornsby was buried in St Michael & All Angels Churchyard, Houghton-le-Spring, near Sunderland; however, a search of the burial registers by local historian Paul Lanagan revealed that the Richard Hornsby buried in the churchyard had died in 1818 aged 67, meaning he would have been 7 years old at the time of the pirate incident. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Richard Avery Hornsby」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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